Learn and practice rational numbers: Grade 6 printable worksheets

What are rational numbers? These numbers can be written as fractions, where the numerator and denominator are integers. For example, 3/4, -5/2, and 0.6 are all rational numbers.

Rational numbers are important for 6th-graders because they help them understand the relationships between different types of numbers, such as fractions, decimals, and percentages. They also help them develop skills in comparing, ordering, adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing numbers with different forms and signs.

Rational numbers can be represented differently using fractions, decimals, and percentages. We can use equivalent forms or common factors to convert a rational number from one form to another. For example:

• To convert 3/4 to a decimal, we can divide the numerator by the denominator: 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75.
• To convert 0.75 to a percentage, we can multiply by 100: 0.75 × 100 = 75%.
• To convert 75% to a fraction, we can write the percentage as a fraction over 100 and simplify: 75/100 = 3/4.

We can use number lines or equivalent forms to compare and order rational numbers. A number line is a line that shows the position of numbers on a scale. We can plot rational numbers on a number line by finding their fractions or decimals equivalents. For example;

To plot -1/2 on a number line, we can convert it to a decimal: -1/2 = -0.5. Then we can find the point halfway between 0 and -1 on the number line.

To compare two rational numbers on a number line, we can see which one is closer to the right or the left. For example, -1/2 is closer to the left than 3/4, so -1/2 < 3/4.

To order rational numbers on a number line, we can arrange them from left to right in increasing order or from right to left in decreasing order.

Another way to compare and order rational numbers is to use equivalent forms. We can convert rational numbers to fractions with the same denominator or decimals with the same number of decimal places. Then we can compare or order them by looking at their numerators or decimal digits. For example:

To compare -1/2 and 3/4, we can convert them to fractions with the same denominator: -1/2 = -2/4 and 3/4 = 3/4. Then we can compare their numerators: -2 < 3, so -1/2 < 3/4.

To order -1/2 and 3/4, we can arrange them from smallest to largest or from largest to smallest: -1/2 < 3/4 or 3/4 > -1/2.

One of the most important skills 6th-graders need to master is performing arithmetic operations with rational numbers. Rational numbers can be written as fractions, decimals, or percentages. For example, 1/2, 0.5, and 50% are all rational numbers representing the same value.

To add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational numbers, we must follow some rules and properties that help us simplify the calculations and get the correct answer. Here are some of the most common rules and properties that you need to know:

• To add or subtract rational numbers with the same denominator, we add or subtract the numerators and keep the same denominator. For example, 2/5 + 3/5 = (2 + 3)/5 = 5/5 = 1.
• To add or subtract rational numbers with different denominators, we need to find a common denominator by multiplying the denominators of both numbers. Then we multiply the numerators by the same factor we used to multiply the denominators. For example, 1/4 + 2/3 = (1 x 3)/(4 x 3) + (2 x 4)/(3 x 4) = 3/12 + 8/12 = (3 + 8)/12 = 11/12.
• To multiply two rational numbers, we multiply the numerators and the denominators. For example, 2/3 x 4/5 = (2 x 4)/(3 x 5) = 8/15.
• To divide two rational numbers, we flip the second number and multiply it by the first number. This is called finding the reciprocal of a fraction. For example, 2/3 ÷ 4/5 = 2/3 x 5/4 = (2 x 5)/(3 x 4) = 10/12.
• To convert a fraction to a decimal, we divide the numerator by the denominator. For example, 3/4 = 3 ÷ 4 = 0.75.
• To convert a decimal to a fraction, we write it (the decimal) as a fraction over a power of ten and then simplify it. For example, 0.6 = 6/10 = 3/5.
• To convert a fraction to a percentage, we multiply the fraction by 100 and add a percent sign. For example, 1/4 = (1/4) x 100% = 25%.
• To convert a percentage to a fraction, we write it (the percentage) as a fraction over 100 and then simplify it. For example, 60% = 60/100 = 3/5.

These rules and properties will help your students to perform arithmetic operations with rational numbers more efficiently and accurately.

Another vital skill students need to develop is solving real-world problems involving rational numbers using strategies and models. Rational numbers are often used to describe situations that involve fractions, decimals, or percentages of a whole or a part. For example;

You may encounter problems that ask you to find the fraction of a pizza left after eating some slices, the percentage of students who passed a test, or the decimal amount of money you need to pay for a purchase.

To solve these problems, teachers should use strategies and models to help students understand the problem, find the relevant information, choose the appropriate operation, and check their answers. Here are some of the most common strategies and models that you can use:

• Draw a picture or a diagram that represents the problem situation. For example, you can use a circle or a rectangle to represent a whole or a part of something and shade or label the fractions, decimals, or percentages given or asked for.
• Use a number line to compare and order rational numbers or to find missing values. For example, you can use a number line to show students how fractions, decimals, and percentages are equivalent or how they can be added or subtracted.
• Use manipulatives or concrete objects to model fractions, decimals, or percentages. For example, you can use fraction strips, base ten blocks, coins, or counters to show students how rational numbers can be composed or decomposed into smaller units or how they can be multiplied or divided.
• Use tables or charts to organize data or information related to rational numbers. For example, you can use tables or charts to show how fractions, decimals, or percentages can be converted from one form to another or how they can be used to calculate ratios, rates, or proportions.
• Use formulas or rules to calculate rational numbers. For example, you can use formulas or rules to find equivalent fractions, decimals, or percentages for students to perform arithmetic operations with rational numbers efficiently.

These strategies and models will help 6^th graders to solve real-world problems involving rational numbers more effectively and efficiently. They can learn and practice these rational numbers using Mathskills4kids’ Grade 6 printable worksheets with different types of problems.

Rational numbers are useful for solving math problems and applying concepts in various fields and disciplines. Rational numbers are often used to describe and measure quantities, relationships, patterns, and changes in the real world. For example, some real-world applications of rational numbers include:

• Comparing and contrasting different objects or phenomena using fractions, decimals, or percentages. For example, we can compare different objects' sizes, shapes, colors, or weights using fractions, decimals, or percentages.
• Expressing and interpreting data or information using fractions, decimals, or percentages. For example, we can express the results of a survey, an experiment, or a test using fractions, decimals, or percentages or interpret graphs, charts, or tables that use rational numbers to display data or information.
• Make predictions or estimations using fractions, decimals, or percentages. For example, we can make predictions or estimations about the weather, the population, the economy, or the environment using fractions, decimals, or percentages.
• Make decisions or choices using fractions, decimals, or percentages. For example, we can make decisions or choices about our budget, diet, health, or education using fractions, decimals, or percentages.